Nikolai Gogol 1809-1852Gogol was one of the first to use the technique of the grotesque, in works such as "The Nose", "Viy", "The Overcoat", and "Nevsky Prospekt".
These stories, and others such as "Diary of a Madman", have also been noted for their proto-surrealist qualities. According to
Viktor Shklovsky, Gogol's strange style of writing resembles the "ostranenie" technique of defamiliarization. His early works,
such as Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, were influenced by his Ukrainian upbringing, Ukrainian culture and folklore.
His later writing satirised political corruption in the Russian Empire (The Government Inspector, Dead Souls). The novel
Taras Bulba (1835), the play Marriage (1842), and the short stories "The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with
Ivan Nikiforovich", "The Portrait" and "The Carriage", are also among his best-known works.
